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Low mass red dwarfs are classified as ____ -type stars and can live up to 10 trillion years.
M
O & B
visual binary
spectroscopic binary
Why do most O & B -type stars only last a few million years before dying?
because they only form in clusters with other large stars
because they are not found in globular clusters
O & B -types use up their fuel slowly due to size
these stars burn through their fuel very quickly due to size
Which statement best describes M-type stars?
they can be red or orange-yellow in color
almost all M-type stars ever born are still around
their surface temperatures range from 10 - 50,000 oF
almost all M-type stars ever born have died out
High-mass stars (O & B) die ____ while low-mass stars tend to go out ____.
violently, gently
quietly, explosively
explosively, violently
with a whimper, with a bang
Medium-size stars (like our Sun & Alpha Centauri A) tend to
go out or die in stages.
live most of their lives off the main sequence.
sometimes expand until they explode.
turn into white dwarf stars fairly quickly.
Core-hydrogen burning in a star refers to
hydrogen fusing into helium providing an outward pressure.
the eventual collapse of the core in a sun-like star.
hydrogen that is burning to form heat & pressure.
hydrostatic equilibrium.
The outward force of core-fusion balances the inward force of gravity. This is called ____.
hydrostatic fusion
gravitational balancing force
hydrostatic equilibrium
solar equllibrium
About how long does it take for a sun-like star to run out of fuel in its core?
about 1 trillion years
10 million years
a few million years
10 billion years
What happens to the core in a sun-like star after all the hydrogen is used up?
the core will start fusing carbon instead
it will collapse
the core explodes
it starts to expand
"Hydrogen-shell burning" refers to core
imminent collapse causing a supernova explosion.
expansion in a sun-like star to continue fusing hydrogen.
contraction in a sun-like star to continue fusing hydrogen.
hydrostatic equilibrium to cease.
A star will the leave the main sequence once the core becomes unstable forming a red giant.
True
False
Once the unstable core of a sun-like star expands & shrinks, helium starts to fuse into carbon.
True
False
A red supergiant phase occurs in a star with 10 solar masses forming carbon at its core.
True
False
Red giant stars will expand its outer layers to about the orbit of ____; supergiants to ____.
Mercury, Saturn
Mars, Jupiter
Venus, Earth
Mars, Pluto
A ____ occurs in a sun-like star when mass quantities of helium are suddenly fused in the core.
carbon-nuclear explosion
helium/carbon flash
hydrogen flash
helium flash
Which statement best describes a "planetary nebula?"
a star like our Sun will eventually turn into a white dwarf
when a planet is shrouded in a nebula cloud
a star that forms as a red giant from a nebular cloud
when a red supergiant or giant sheds its outer layers
Which statement best describes a "white dwarf" star?
stars that are still on the main sequence - but just barely
stars that are very hot yet relatively small
the resulting core of a once sun-like star
the burned-out phase of a blue supergiant
Eventually white dwarf stars will slowly burn or fuse carbon, dim & cool to form
blue straggler stars.
black dwarf crystallized diamond stars.
black holes about the size of the Earth.
smaller white dwarf stars.
"Blue straggler" stars form when
blue stars are torn away gravitationally from a cluster.
blue supergiant stars leave the main sequence.
two relatively low-mass stars like our Sun merge.
two black dwarf stars collide & merge to form a bigger star.
Why are blue straggler stars almost always found in the core of globular clusters?
globular clusters are very ancient & orbit most galaxies
because stars are usually spread out but sometimes interact
because stars are very packed together & can collide easier
that's where most black holes are found
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